[Current regulations in the Animal Welfare Act and the significance for animal research]. / Aktuelle Regelungen im Tierschutzgesetz und Bedeutung für die tierexperimentelle Forschung.

Due to the legal implantation of the 3R principle, the number of laboratory animals decreased significantly over the past 10 years. In this article, the historical development of animal experiments over the last decade will be presented in the context of the current regulations of the Animal Welfare Act. It points out bureaucratic obstacles to the approval of animal experiments, which jeopardize Germany as a research location for both academia and industry. The article presents constructive proposals for solutions. This should be done in accordance with the DFG recommendation to ensure efficient biomedical research while maintaining the highest animal welfare standards.

Public consultation in the evaluation of animal research protocols.

One response to calls for increased openness in animal research is to make protocols publicly accessible, but it is unclear what type of input the public would provide if given this opportunity. In this study we invited public responses to five different research projects, using non-technical summaries intended for lay audiences. Our aim was to assess the potential for this type of public consultation in protocol review, and a secondary aim was to better understand what types of animal research people are willing to accept and why. US participants (n = 1521) were asked (via an online survey) "Do you support the use of these (insert species) for this research", and responded using a seven-point scale (1 = "No", 4 = "Neutral", and 7 = "Yes"). Participants were asked to explain the reasons for their choice; open-ended text responses were subjected to thematic analysis. Most participants (89.7%) provided clear comments, showing the potential of an online forum to elicit feedback. Four themes were prevalent in participant reasoning regarding their support for the proposed research: 1) impact on animals, 2) impact on humans, 3) scientific merit, and 4) availability of alternatives. Participant support for the proposed research varied but on average was close to neutral (mean ± SD: 4.5 ± 2.19) suggesting some ambivalence to this animal use. The protocol describing Parkinson's research (on monkeys) was least supported (3.9 ± 2.17) and the transplant research (on pigs) was most supported (4.9 ± 2.02). These results indicate that public participants are sensitive to specifics of a protocol. We conclude that an online forum can provide meaningful public input on proposed animal research, offering research institutions the opportunity for improved transparency and the chance to reduce the risk that they engage in studies that are out of step with community values.

The spontaneous location recognition task for assessing spatial pattern separation and memory across a delay in rats and mice.

Keeping similar memories distinct from one another is a critical cognitive process without which we would have difficulty functioning in everyday life. Memories are thought to be kept distinct through the computational mechanism of pattern separation, which reduces overlap between similar input patterns to amplify differences among stored representations. At the behavioral level, impaired pattern separation has been shown to contribute to memory deficits seen in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, and in normal aging. This protocol describes the use of the spontaneous location recognition (SLR) task in mice and rats to behaviorally assess spatial pattern separation ability. This two-phase spontaneous memory task assesses the extent to which animals can discriminate and remember object locations presented during the encoding phase. Using three configurations of the task, the similarity of the to-be-remembered locations can be parametrically manipulated by altering the spatial positions of objects-dissimilar, similar or extra similar-to vary the load on pattern separation. Unlike other pattern separation tasks, SLR varies the load on pattern separation during encoding, when pattern separation is thought to occur. Furthermore, SLR can be used in standard rodent behavioral facilities with basic expertise in rodent handling. The entire protocol takes ~20 d from habituation to testing of the animals on all three task configurations. By incorporating breaks between testing, and varying the objects used as landmarks, animals can be tested repeatedly, increasing experimental power by allowing for within-subjects manipulations.

Do religious beliefs influence concerns for animal welfare? the role of religious orientation and ethical ideologies in attitudes toward animal protection amongst Muslim teachers and school staff in East Java, Indonesia.

There is ample research supporting White's (1967) thesis, which postulates that religion and religious belief inhibit ecological concerns. This study thus seeks to explore the relationship between individuals' acceptability for harming animals as one representation of ecological concern (measured using Animal Issue scale (AIS)) and their religious belief (measured using Religious Orientation Scale (ROS)) and ethical ideology (measured using Ethical Position Questionnaire (EPQ)). The study surveyed 929 Muslim teachers and school staff in East Java, Indonesia. We found that ROS correlates with EPQ whereby intrinsic personal (IP) relates with idealism while extrinsic social religious orientation (ES)-where religion is perceived as an instrument for social gain, membership and support-relates with relativism. However, using multiple regression analysis to examine both EPQ and ROS relation to acceptability for harming animals suggests mixed results. We found that, idealism and IP relate to a lower acceptability for harming animals, while relativism and ES correlate to a higher acceptability for harming animals. In another model where we calculate all the main variables with all the demographical and other determinants, we found that only ROS consistently relates to acceptability for harming animals. Additionally, we identify, explain and discuss significant demographic determinants along with this study's limitations.

Gut microbiota resilience in horse athletes following holidays out to pasture.

Elite horse athletes that live in individual boxes and train and compete for hours experience long-term physical and mental stress that compromises animal welfare and alters the gut microbiota. We therefore assessed if a temporary period out to pasture with conspecifics could improve animal welfare and in turn, favorably affect intestinal microbiota composition. A total of 27 athletes were monitored before and after a period of 1.5 months out to pasture, and their fecal microbiota and behavior profiles were compared to those of 18 horses kept in individual boxes. The overall diversity and microbiota composition of pasture and control individuals were temporally similar, suggesting resilience to environmental challenges. However, pasture exposure induced an increase in Ruminococcus and Coprococcus that lasted 1-month after the return to individual boxes, which may have promoted beneficial effects on health and welfare. Associations between the gut microbiota composition and behavior indicating poor welfare were established. Furthermore, withdrawn behavior was associated with the relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group and Clostridiales family XIII. Both accommodate a large part of butyrate-producing bacterial genera. While we cannot infer causality within this study, arguably, these findings suggest that management practices maintained over a longer period of time may moderate the behavior link to the gut ecosystem beyond its resilience potential.

International primate neuroscience research regulation, public engagement and transparency opportunities.

Scientific excellence is a necessity for progress in biomedical research. As research becomes ever more international, establishing international collaborations will be key to advancing our scientific knowledge. Understanding the similarities in standards applied by different nations to animal research, and where the differences might lie, is crucial. Cultural differences and societal values will also contribute to these similarities and differences between countries and continents. Our overview is not comprehensive for all species, but rather focuses on non-human primate (NHP) research, involving New World marmosets and Old World macaques, conducted in countries where NHPs are involved in neuroimaging research. Here, an overview of the ethics and regulations is provided to help assess welfare standards amongst primate research institutions. A comparative examination of these standards was conducted to provide a basis for establishing a common set of standards for animal welfare. These criteria may serve to develop international guidelines, which can be managed by an International Animal Welfare and Use Committee (IAWUC). Internationally, scientists have a moral responsibility to ensure excellent care and welfare of their animals, which in turn, influences the quality of their research. When working with animal models, maintaining a high quality of care ("culture of care") and welfare is essential. The transparent promotion of this level of care and welfare, along with the results of the research and its impact, may reduce public concerns associated with animal experiments in neuroscience research.

Assessable learning outcomes for the EU Education and Training Framework core and Function A specific modules: Report of an ETPLAS WORKING Group.

Article 23(2) of the European Union Directive 2010/63/EU, which regulates welfare provisions for animals used for scientific purposes, requires that staff involved in the care and use of animals for scientific purposes be adequately educated and trained before they undertake any such work. However, the nature and extent of such training is not stipulated in the Directive. To facilitate Member States in fulfilling their education and training obligations, the European Commission developed a common Education and Training Framework, which was endorsed by the Member States Competent Authorities. An Education & Training Platform for Laboratory Animal Science (ETPLAS) Working Group was recently established to develop further guidance to the Learning Outcomes in the Framework, with the objective to clarify the levels of knowledge and understanding required by trainees, and to provide the criteria by which these Learning Outcomes should be assessed. Using the Framework document as a starting point, assessment criteria for the Learning Outcomes of the modules required for Function A persons (carrying out procedures on animals) for rats, mice and zebrafish were created with sufficient detail to enable trainees, providers and assessors to appreciate the level of knowledge, understanding and skills required to pass each module. Adoption and utilization of this document by training providers and accrediting or approving bodies will harmonize introductory education and training for those involved in the care and use of animals for scientific purposes within the European Union, promote mutual recognition of training within and between Member States and therefore free movement of personnel.

Teaching a culture of care: why it matters / Enseñar una cultura del cuidado: por qué es importante

The use of animal in biomedical research remains a critical compromise. Research and higher education institutions play a major role in educating on the use of animal and such training is expected to translate into the development of a culture of care practice across all staff working with animals. But nurturing a "culture of care" and impacting in professional attitudes in the field of animal research remains challenging due to its social, ethical and different institutional frameworks. From an educational perspective, current practice remains challenged by the need for better integration of inter-cultural perceptions on animal welfare, supported by more cross disciplinary integration in educational curriculum including the relevance of the 3Rs principles and promoting reflective practice strategies. Institutional support is crucial to provide a safe, and supportive framework to promote such caring ethos. Our aim is to discuss practical actions to implement and assess culture of care, highlighting its direct impact on the professional integrity of staff which is directly linked to research and education excellence. Seeking a global welfare for all the beings involved and supporting individual and team reflective practice will provide better tools to guarantee the best care of the animals (AU)

El uso de animales en la investigación biomédica sigue siendo un compromiso crítico. Las instituciones de investigación y educación superior desempeñan un papel importante en la enseñanza sobre el uso de animales y se espera que dicha capacitación se traduzca en el desarrollo de una cultura de prácticas de cuidado en todo el personal que trabaja con animales. Pero fomentar una "cultura del cuidado" e impactar en las actitudes profesionales en el campo de la investigación animal sigue siendo un desafío debido a las diferentes perspectivas sociales, éticas y regulatorias. Desde una perspectiva educativa, la práctica actual sigue siendo cuestionada por la necesidad de una mejor integración de las percepciones interculturales sobre el bienestar animal, respaldada por una mayor integración interdisciplinaria en el plan de estudios, incluida la relevancia de los principios de las 3R y la promoción de estrategias de práctica reflexiva. El apoyo institucional es crucial para proporcionar un marco seguro y de apoyo para promover este espíritu solidario. Nuestro objetivo es discutir acciones prácticas para implementar y evaluar la cultura de la atención, destacando su impacto directo en la integridad profesional del personal que está directamente relacionado con la excelencia en investigación y educación. Buscar un bienestar global para todos los seres involucrados y apoyar la práctica reflexiva individual y de equipo proporcionará mejores herramientas para garantizar el mejor cuidado de los animales (AU)

L'ús d'animals en la recerca biomèdica continua sent un compromís crític. Les institucions de recerca i educació superior exerceixen un paper important en l'ensenyament sobre l'ús d'animals i s'espera que aquesta capacitació es tradueixi en el desenvolupament d'una cultura de pràctiques de cura en tot el personal que treballa amb animals. Però fomentar una "cultura de la cura" i impactar en les actituds professionals en el camp de la recerca animal continua sent un desafiament degut a les diferents perspectives socials, ètiques i reguladores. Des d'una perspectiva educativa, la pràctica actual continua sent qüestionada per la necessitat d'una millor integració de les percepcions interculturals sobre el benestar animal, recolzada per una major integració interdisciplinària en el pla d'estudis, inclosa la rellevància dels principis de les 3R i la promoció d'estratègies de pràctica reflexiva. El suport institucional és crucial per a proporcionar un marc segur i de suport per a promoure aquest esperit solidari. El nostre objectiu és discutir accions pràctiques per a implementar i avaluar la cultura de l'atenció, destacant el seu impacte directe en la integritat professional del personal que està directament relacionat amb l'excel·lència en recerca i educació. Buscar un benestar global per a tots els éssers involucrats i donar suport a la pràctica reflexiva individual i d'equip proporcionarà millors eines per a garantir la millor cura dels animals (AU)

Las tres Ces como ampliación de las tres Erres para una praxis en la investigación biomédica / The three C's a broader proposal to the three R's for an ethical praxis in biomedical research

La propuesta de las Tres Ces que aquí se presenta para una investigación ética con animales en experimentación, está basada en las Tres Eses de Carol Newton e incluye a las Tres Erres. Consiste en: ciencia íntegra, criterio objetivo y cultura del cuidado. La ciencia íntegra se construye mediante un adecuado método científico, trabajando con honestidad y en apego a la normatividad. El criterio objetivo tiene su fundamento en la evaluación retrospectiva, el análisis daño-beneficio y las Tres Erres; y la cultura del cuidado se alcanza a través de la aplicación de la bioética, el bienestar animal y la responsabilidad con las vidas de los animales. Varios de los conceptos se traslapan y vinculan para contribuir a una buena praxis en la experimentación biomédica con animales (AU)

The 3C's proposal presented here for an ethical research with animals is based on Carol Newton's 3S's and includes the 3R's. It consists of: science with integrity, objective criteria and culture of care. Science with integrity is done through an adequate scientific method, working honestly and in compliance with regulations. The objective criterion is based on the retrospective evaluation, the harm-benefit analysis and the three R's; and the culture of care is achieved through the application of bioethics, animal welfare and responsibility towards animal's lives. All concepts overlap and are linked to contribute a good practice in biomedical research with animals (AU)

La proposta de les Tres Ces que aquí es presenta per a una recerca ètica amb animals en experimentació, està basada en les Tres Esses de Carol Newton i inclou a les Tres Erres. Consisteix en: ciència íntegra, criteri objectiu i cultura de la cura. La ciència íntegra es construeix mitjançant un adequat mètode científic, treballant amb honestedat i en inclinació a la normativitat. El criteri objectiu té el seu fonament en l'avaluació retrospectiva, l'anàlisi danyo-benefici i les Tres Erres; i la cultura de la cura s'aconsegueix a través de l'aplicació de la bioètica, el benestar animal i la responsabilitat amb les vides dels animals. Varis dels conceptes es traslapan i vinculen per a contribuir a una bona praxi en l'experimentació biomèdica amb animals (AU)

Empatía para una ciencia sin sufrimiento animal: un enfoque desde Lori Gruen / Empathy for a cruelty free science: Lori Gruen's approach

La rigidez de posturas en torno a la experimentación con animales ha frustrado la posibilidad de converger en un terreno común. Es por ello que, desde los ámbitos jurídico, político y ético, ha de reforzarse la alianza con ese grupo cada vez más numeroso de personas que conciben una ciencia libre de sufrimiento animal. Precisamente con el ánimo de reafirmar estas voces, y confiando en que la empatía en la ciencia sea capaz de trascender lo meramente humano, se plantea la oportunidad de que sean respaldadas desde el enfoque de la ética del cuidado (AU)

The rigidity of standpoints around animal experimentation has thwarted the possibility of reaching a common ground. Therefore, from the legal, political, and ethical perspective, the commitment with a growing group of people who believe in a cruelty free science must be enhanced. It is precisely to encourage these people, and hoping that empathy in science is capable of going beyond the merely human, that these voices could be supported from an ethics of care approach (AU)

La rigidesa de postures entorn de l'experimentació amb animals ha frustrat la possibilitat de convergir en un terreny comú. És per això que des de l'àmbit jurídic, polític i ètic, ha de reforçar-se l'aliança amb aquest grup cada vegada més nombrós de persones que conceben una ciència lliure de sofriment animal. Precisament amb l'ànim de reafirmar aquestes veus, i confiant que l'empatia en la ciència sigui capaç de transcendir el merament humà, es planteja l'oportunitat que siguin recolzades des de l'enfocament de l'ètica de la cura (AU)

Hacia una teoría ética de animales humanos y no humanos / Towards an ethical theory for human and non-human animals

El objetivo de este artículo es exponer algunos de los principales trabajos desarrollados en la filosofía moral, arguyendo cómo estos se han hecho cargo (o no) del estatus moral de los animales no humanos. Para lograr este objetivo, el trabajo se divide en tres apartados. En primer lugar, delimito el objeto de estudio "animales" y me refiero a algunos mitos en relación con ellos. En segundo lugar, expongo someramente los trabajos filosóficos de las principales corrientes en filosofía moral. Finalmente, introduzco como una alternativa a la ética tradicional los postulados desarrollados desde la ética de la compasión (AU)

The aim of this article is to outline some of the main works developed in moral philosophy, arguing how they have (or haven't) dealt with the moral status of non-human animals. To achieve this objective, the paper is divided into three sections. First, I delimit the object of study "animals" and refer to some myths in relation to them. Secondly, I briefly outline the philosophical works of the main currents in moral philosophy. Finally, I introduce, as an alternative to traditional ethics, the postulates developed from the ethics of compassion (AU)

L'objectiu d'aquest article és exposar alguns dels principals treballs desenvolupats en la filosofia moral, argüint com aquests s'han fet càrrec (o no) de l'estatus moral dels animals no humans. Per a aconseguir aquest objectiu, el treball es divideix en tres apartats. En primer lloc, delimito l'objecte d'estudi "animals" i em refereixo a alguns mites en relació amb ells. En segon lloc, exposo succintament els treballs filosòfics dels principals corrents en filosofia moral. Finalment, introdueixo com una alternativa a l'ètica tradicional els postulats desenvolupats des de l'ètica de la compassió (AU)

Medio ambiente, medios de comunicación y psicología moral. Sobre el potencial de la convergencia disciplinaria en una bioética animal post-pandemia / Environment, media, and moral psychology. On the potential of disciplinary convergence in a post-pandemic animal bioethics

Desde los primeros meses de la pandemia de COVID-19 ha estado aconteciendo un llamativo fenómeno social: en diversos lugares del mundo grupos de personas procedieron a ahuyentar y/o exterminar colonias de murciélagos, suponiendo que dicha acción contribuiría a evitar posibles contagios cuando en realidad lo que hacía era empeorar la situación. Con el fin de analizar en profundidad este tipo de fenómenos sociales es necesario recurrir a disciplinas diversas como la ética ambiental, la ética de los medios de comunicación y la psicología moral. Según se argumentará en este artículo, un ámbito del saber que favorece la convergencia disciplinaria apropiada para abordar la complejidad de problemas como el recién mencionado, es una disciplina generalmente no muy visitada en las producciones vinculadas a la bioética general y a la ética animal, a saber, la bioética animal. En las conclusiones de este trabajo será posible evidenciar que esta disciplina muestra no sólo contribuir en el abordaje de las diversas aristas de problemas puntuales como la actual persecución de murciélagos, sino que beneficia un enfoque crítico a nivel meta-teórico y complementario a nivel transdisciplinario de ciertos puntos ciegos de las disciplinas interrelacionadas (AU)

Since the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, a striking social phenomenon has been taking place: in various parts of the world, groups of people proceeded to drive away and/or exterminate colonies of bats, assuming that such action would help to prevent possible infections when in fact it only made the situation worse. In order to analyse in depth such social phenomena, it is necessary to resort to diverse disciplines such as environmental ethics, media ethics and moral psychology. As will be argued in this article, one field of knowledge that favours the appropriate disciplinary convergence to address the complexity of problems such as the one mentioned, is a discipline that is generally not much visited in the productions linked to general bioethics and animal ethics, namely animal bioethics. In the conclusions of this article, it will be possible to show that this discipline not only contributes to the analysis of specific problems such as the current persecution of bats, but also that benefits from a critical approach of certain blind spots of the interrelated disciplines (AU)

Des dels primers mesos de la pandèmia de COVID-19 ha estat esdevenint un cridaner fenomen social: en diversos llocs del món, grups de persones van procedir a espantar i/o exterminar colònies de ratapinyades, suposant que aquesta acció contribuiria a evitar possibles contagis quan en realitat el que feia era empitjorar la situació. Amb la finalitat d'analitzar en profunditat aquest tipus de fenòmens socials és necessari recórrer a disciplines diverses com l'ètica ambiental, l'ètica dels mitjans de comunicació i la psicologia moral. Segons s'argumentarà en aquest article, un àmbit del saber que afavoreix la convergència disciplinària apropiada per a abordar la complexitat de problemes com l'acabat d'esmentar, és una disciplina generalment no gaire visitada en les produccions vinculades a la bioètica general i a l'ètica animal, a saber, la bioètica animal. En les conclusions d'aquest treball serà possible evidenciar que aquesta disciplina mostra no sols contribuir en l'abordatge de les diverses arestes de problemes puntuals com l'actual persecució de ratapinyades, sinó que beneficia un enfocament crític a nivell fiqui-teòric i complementari a nivell transdisciplinari d'uns certs punts cecs de les disciplines interrelacionades (AU)

El principio de protección del bienestar animal: elementos para su configuración en el derecho chileno / Animal welfare protection principle: elements for its configuration in Chilean law

El derecho animal chileno se fundamenta en un principio, al cual llamamos principio de protección del bienestar animal. Este se obtiene por inducción, a partir del análisis sistemático de la normativa vigente, del estudio de los propósitos del legislador, y de la evolución que ha experimentado el derecho en este ámbito. Dicho principio cumple varias funciones relevantes, tales como la de servir de parámetro de interpretación, herramienta para colmar lagunas o solucionar antinomias, y como crítica del derecho vigente. Al mismo tiempo, también permite comprender mejor el tránsito que ha experimentado el ordenamiento chileno, el cual ha pasado desde un enfoque puramente propietario, hacia otro más centrado en la protección del bienestar animal (AU)

Chilean animal law is based on a principle, which we call the animal welfare protection principle. This principle is obtained by induction, from the systematic analysis of current regulations, the study of the legislator's purposes, and the evolution that law has undergone in this area. This principle fulfills several relevant functions, such as serving as a parameter of interpretation, a tool to solve antinomies, and as a criticism of current law. At the same time, it also allows us to better understand the transition that the Chilean system has experienced, which has gone from a purely proprietary approach to one more focused on the protection of animal welfare (AU)

El dret animal xilè es fonamenta al principi, al qual anomenem principi de protecció del benestar animal. Aquest s'obté per inducció, a partir de l'anàlisi sistemàtica de la normativa vigent, de l'estudi dels propòsits del legislador, i de l'evolució que ha experimentat el dret en aquest àmbit. Aquest principi compleix diverses funcions rellevants, tals com la de servir de paràmetre d'interpretació, eina per a satisfer llacunes o solucionar antinòmies, i com a crítica del dret vigent. Al mateix temps, també permet comprendre millor el trànsit que ha experimentat l'ordenament xilè, el qual ha passat des d'un enfocament purament propietari, cap a un altre més centrat en la protecció del benestar animal (AU)

The identification of effective welfare indicators for laboratory-housed macaques using a Delphi consultation process.

Despite the importance for both animal welfare and scientific integrity of effective welfare assessment in non-human primates, there has been little or no consensus as what should be assessed. A Delphi consultation process was undertaken to identify the animal- and environment-based measures of welfare for laboratory-housed macaques and to determine their relative importance in on-site welfare assessments. One-hundred fifteen potential indictors were identified through a comprehensive literature search, followed by a two-round iterative electronic survey process to collect expert opinion. Stable group response and consensus about the validity, reliability, and feasibility of the proposed indicators (67.5% agreement) was achieved by the completion of Round Two. A substantially higher proportion of environment-based measures (72%: n = 44/61) were considered as valid, reliable, and feasible compared to the animal-based measures (22%: n = 12/54). The indicators that ranked most highly for assessing welfare were the presence of self-harm behaviours and the provision of social enrichment. This study provides an empirical basis upon which these indicators can be validated and then integrated into assessment tools developed for macaques and emphasises the need to include both animal- and environment-based indicators for accurate welfare monitoring.

The human-animal relationship in dairy animals.

The present study aims to identify margins for the improvement of dairy animal welfare and production based on the quality of the human-animal relationship (HAR). The main tool proposed to improve the quality of HAR in dairy animals is training of stock-people by targeting their attitude and behaviour. Given that a good quality HAR may benefit the welfare of dairy animals and productivity, new technologies, by monitoring the handling routine on farm, may be more effective in promoting good practices. In particular, the implementation of new technologies may allow identification of specific inappropriate behaviours to be targeted at stockperson level, thus increasing the efficacy of training. However, an issue related to the introduction of new technologies in the farms, particularly in those that follow traditional farming practices, is the resistance to innovation which may be encountered.

Abate halal com e sem insensibilização em ovinos: implicações sobre o bem-estar animal e a eficiência da sangria / [Halal slaughter with and without stunning in sheep: implications on animal welfare and bleeding efficiency]

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as implicações sobre o bem-estar animal e a eficiência da sangria no abate halal com e sem insensibilização em ovinos. Foram avaliados 102 ovinos, em abate comercial, separados randomicamente pelo peso em dois grupos: com insensibilização (CI) e sem insensibilização (SI). Verificou-se que os animais sem insensibilização apresentaram sinais de endireitamento e vocalização após 20 segundos da degola. Houve diferença significativa para hemácias (P<0,01), hemoglobina (P<0,01), leucócitos totais (P<0,001), bem como para os biomarcadores de estresse, como CK (P<0,01) e lactato (P<0,001). Apesar de não apresentarem diferença estatística significativa, o LDH e o cortisol ficaram acima dos valores basais em ambos os grupos. Não foram observadas alterações séricas para glicose e AST. Houve diferença estatística significativa para eficiência da sangria (P<0,01). Os resultados demonstraram que houve estresse no abate halal com e sem insensibilização e melhor eficiência da sangria em animais não insensibilizados.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the implications on animal welfare and the sangria efficiency in halal slaugther with and without stunning in sheep. 102 sheep were appraised in a commercial slaugthter, divided randomly for the weight in two groups: with stunning (CI) and without stunning (SI). It was verified that the animals without stunning presented straighten signs and vocalization after 20 seconds of decapitation. There was significant difference for erythrocytes (P<0.05), hemoglobin (P<0.01), leucocytes (P<0.01), stress of biomarkers CK (P<0.01) and lactate (P<0.01). Alterations in serum were not observed for glucose and AST. There was significant statistical difference for bleeding efficiency (P<0.01). The results demonstrated that there was stress in the halal slaugther with and without stunning and better bleeding efficiency in animals with traditional religious slaughter without stunning.(AU)

Advancing animal welfare and ethics in veterinary practice through a national pet wellbeing task force, practice-based champions and clinical audit.

BACKGROUND: Veterinary animal welfare advocacy can be undertaken at individual, community, national and international levels. The People's Dispensary for Sick Animals (PDSA), a veterinary charity with 48 Pet Hospitals UK-wide, created a consultative staff network to put an explicit organisational focus on animal welfare-focused veterinary practice. METHODS: PDSA created a national internal committee-a Pet Wellbeing Task Force-composed of veterinary staff representatives. Together with recruited hospital-based Champions who serve as a focus for animal welfare and ethics within their clinical teams, the resulting staff network has described a vision of animal welfare and ethics within companion animal veterinary practice, with accompanying practice-level actions. These actions have formed the basis for national clinical audit, repeated three times since 2013. RESULTS: The audit, alongside targeted interventions, has driven organisational change (eg, new policies), led to measurable improvements in pet wellbeing (eg, improved pain assessment and management) and stimulated collaborative practice-based research with universities. CONCLUSION: A dedicated staff network has facilitated organisation-wide communication on animal welfare and ethics; offered a safe space to raise and discuss animal welfare and ethical issues; and fostered leadership, by working towards model veterinary practice with respect to animal welfare and ethics, with benefits for pet patients, staff and the wider veterinary and veterinary nursing professions.